Magic in the Hittite Tradition: Types and Methods

Abstract

The subject of magic and its practice is among the topics that have attracted the attention of researchers due to its direct connection to the lives of individuals, particularly from a religious perspective. Consequently, ancient legal systems and laws in the countries of the ancient Near East, including Anatolia, paid considerable attention to this phenomenon. The contents of texts related to magic reflect a clear effort to limit its negative effects and to deter violators and those who failed in their duties through the imposition of severe penalties.

From this standpoint, the idea of the present study was shaped as an attempt to shed light on an important aspect of daily life. The study relies on the available texts concerning magic, its types, and methods, as well as on selected provisions of Hittite law, which serve as clear indicators of the scope of legal rulings and the deterrence of violators and negligent individuals through harsh punishments. In addition, the study addresses female practitioners of magic and their significant role within Hittite society. These women, often referred to as “Old Women,” participated in numerous magical rituals, including the purification of soldiers in battle, assisting pregnant women during childbirth, and helping infertile women achieve conception through specific ritual practices.

Keywords: Magic and its Types, Methods, Female Practitioners of Magic.